IP (Internet Protocol) Addressing Scheme
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| IP Addressing Scheme |
An IP address is a unique
identifier used to locate a device on the IP network. the address
structure is subdivided into the network ID and the host ID. The first IP of a network is network
number and the last IP is reserved for Broadcast IP.
There are 2 types of
Addressing in IP.
- CLASSFUL ADDRESSING
- CLASSLESS ADDRESSING
class full Addressing –
- An IP address allocation the method that allocates IP addresses according to Five major Classes.
- Less Practical
- Network ID and Host ID changes depending on the Classes.
- Classful addressing categorizes the IP addresses into Five Major Classes: Class A, B, C, D, and E.
Class A Address
The first bit of the first
octet is always set to 0 (zero).
Thus the first octet ranges from 1 – 127.
·
The network ID is 8 bits long.
·
The host ID is 24 bits long.
- The default subnet mask for Class A is 255.x.x.x.
If You Read About What is Default Gateway? Click On Link
Class B Address
An IP address which
belongs to class B has the first two bits in the first octet set to 10.
Thus the Second octet
ranges from 128 – 191.
·
The network ID is 16 bits long.
·
The host ID is 16 bits long.
- The default subnet mask for class B is 255.255.x.x.
Class C Address
The first octet of Class C IP address has its first 3 bits set to 110.
Thus the Third octet
ranges from 192 – 223.
·
The network ID is 24 bits long.
·
The host ID is 8 bits long.
- The default subnet mask for class C is 255.255.255.x.
Class D Address
first four bits of the first octet in Class D IP addresses are set to
1110.
Thus the Third octet
ranges from 224 – 239.
- Class D is reserved for Multicasting.
- Class D has an IP address range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Class E Address
This IP Class is reserved
for experimental purposes & research
purposes only for
R&D or Study.
- IP addresses in this class range from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254.
- This class doesn’t have any subnet mask.
Private IP
Classless Addressing -
- An IP Address Allocation method that is designed to replace classful addressing to Minimize the Rapid Exhaustion of IP Address.
- More Practical and Useful.
- There is no boundary on Network ID and Host ID.
- Classless addressing is also called Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
For example, Assume that the Classless Address is 192.168.1.35/27
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