Computer Networking
wired networking
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A networking
infrastructure is a combination of network devices like router, hub, switch. or
It is a collection of computers, servers and peripherals devices.
It is mainly
used for sharing the data and resources from one place to another with the help
of internet.
The computer
network devices exchange the data between devices with the help of nodes. The nodes
are established data links through the cables or wires.
The best
example of networking is the Internet, it connects billions of peoples all over the
world.
*Computer the network supports many application and services such as
- ü -www(world wide web)
- ü -storage servers
- ü -a fax machine
First computer network
The ARPANET
(The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ) one of the earliest computer networks was developed by Leonard Kleinrock in 1961. But it started in 1969 using packet
switching.
Types of networking:-
v -wired networking
v -wireless networking
Wired networking
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wired networking |
Wired networking
used wire, cables or optical fiber to connect different devices such as computers
or desktop to the internet.
Ethernet cable
is mostly used in the market because of its low cost and durable and fiber optics used
for longer distance and fastest speed. fiber optics it's very expensive as compare
to the ethernet cable.
IF You Don't Know About How many types of Computer Networks Then Click & Read Out.
Wireless networking
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wireless networking |
Wireless
networking used radio signal or radio waves over the air and allow devices to
stay connected to the network. Example Wi-Fi signal. A modern it for from a router but still connected
to the network.
Wired networking Topologies
There are 6 types of topologies mainly used:-
One computer
is connected to the many different computers on the same network mechanism with
the help of wire or cable is called network topology.
BUS TOPOLOGY
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Bus topology in networking |
- · use in a small network.
- · it's easy to implement.
- · it's easy to understand.
- · every device connected to a single cable.
What Is Networking Devices? And Its Types.
RING TOPOLOGY
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Ring topology in networking |
Each computer
is connected to others on the network in the form a ring and two neighbor computer
for each computer.
Ø -cheap to install and expand
Ø data is transferred in a sequential
manner.
Ø -the direction of data transmission is
unidirectional.
Ø -failure of one computer its destory
whole network.
STAR TOPOLOGY
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Star topology in networking |
All the computer
are connected to a single network device through a cable that device it’s a
central node and all different nodes of computers are connected to the central node.
- Ø -Hub can be upgraded easily.
- Ø -Easy to troubleshoot.
- Ø -Easy to modify.
- Ø cost is high for installation.
TREE TOPOLOGY
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Tree topology in networking |
All nodes of the computer are connected to the root node in the form of a hierarchy structure.
- ü -used in WAN
- ü -easily maintained
- ü Easily managed
If You Read About What is Ip Address? Click on Link and Read Out.
MESH TOPOLOGY
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Mesh topology in networking |
One type of
data in exchange for all network nodes without using any routing logic and protocol.
- § -not flexible
- § -fully connected
- § -it is robust
- § -cost is high
HYBRID TOPOLOGY
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Hybrid topology in networking |
It is a combination
of two different topologies for example if in a campus one department used a ring topology
and another department used star topology, connecting this topology is called
Hybrid topology.
- ü -Effective
- ü -flexible
- ü -complex design
- ü -very costly.
Types of cable used in a wired network:-
Shield twisted pair (STP)
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Shielded twisted pair cable |
- Ø -Twisted pair is a copper wire its used to connect home and office computers to the telephone company.
- Ø -twisted pair is same time install in more pair.
- Ø -shield twisted pair is more costly as compare to UTP(unshielded twisted pair).
What Is Firewall? & Hows its Work? Click on Link and Read Out.
Unshielded twisted pair(UTP)
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Unshielded twisted pair cable |
- v -Unshielded Twisted Pair its also a copper cable and it consists of 1000 twisted pairs surrounded by an outer layer(jacket).
- v -Unshielded Twisted Pair its easy to install and low cost.
- v large number of pairs available corresponding to more bandwidth.
- v -RJ-45 connector is used for Unshielded Twisted Pair cable.
Optical fiber
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Optical fiber cable |
- ü -It used to transmitted data over large distance and at the higher bandwidth.
- ü -Optical fiber included a core surrounded by cladding material.
- ü -It is very expansive.
Coaxial cable.
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coaxial cable |
- v -it is used in cable TV to connect satellite.
- v -supporting speed up to 10 Mbps.
- v -It is also used in aircraft, medical equipment, etc. a
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